OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies to ensure users do not act beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, or the execution of business functions outside of a user's authority limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when systems, applications, or cloud services are improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These involve compromises or breakdowns in the processes of building, distributing, or updating software. They are frequently caused by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies upon which the system relies.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - In general, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Previous challenges, such as CPU performance constraints and private key/certificate management, have been mitigated by CPUs with instructions designed to accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and by services like LetsEncrypt.org that simplify key management. Major cloud vendors also provide highly integrated certificate management services for their platforms. Beyond transport layer security, it is crucial to identify data requiring encryption at rest and data needing additional encryption in transit at the application layer (OSI layer 7). Sensitive data, such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets, requires extra protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or standards such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a flaw that allows attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into input fields, tricking the system into executing them as if they were legitimate system commands. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category representing various weaknesses, often described as "missing or ineffective control design." It is distinct from other Top Ten risk categories. It is important to differentiate between insecure design and insecure implementation, as they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be remediated by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never designed to defend against specific attacks. One contributing factor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system, leading to a failure to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker can successfully trick a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as a legitimate one.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code or infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted and valid. For example, applications that rely on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs) are at risk. An insecure CI/CD pipeline that lacks software integrity checks can introduce unauthorized access, insecure or malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that retrieves code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or fails to verify them before use (e.g., by checking signatures or similar mechanisms).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without adequate logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches go undetected. Furthermore, without effective alerting, responding quickly and effectively to security incidents becomes extremely difficult. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting mechanisms prevent the initiation of active responses during incidents.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when software fails to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This failure typically involves one or more of the following: the application does not prevent the unusual situation, it fails to identify the situation as it occurs, and/or it responds poorly or not at all to the situation after it has happened.

The course will cover practical aspects of the following topics:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls.
- Secure access control strategies and best practices.

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations.
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including the use of configuration management and automation tools.

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management.
- The importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security.

Injection Attacks
- In-depth breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection.
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping.

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation.
- Study of strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles.

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues.
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling.

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues such as untrusted software updates and data tampering.
- Implementation of safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks.

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- The importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities.
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early.